• presentation

Components of a computer
We’re going to learn about the
computer:
from the outside and
from the inside.
today’s computers and the methods they use
originate in the 1940s
Neumann János (John von Neumann), a
famous scientist played an important role in
the development of personal computers
he wrote down five principles a computer
architecture has to meet
1. A computer should have serial operation.
2. A computer should be totally electronic.
3. A computer should be used for general
purposes.
4. Data and program instructions should be
stored in the same memory.
5. A computer should use a binary system.
PC = Personal Computer
What’s inside?
computer case:
contains and protects the main components
of a computer
motherboard:
primary circuit board,
all the other components
are connected to this
directly or indirectly
processor:
the central processing unit (CPU),
e.g. Pentium IV; has two parts:
control unit (CU) and arithmetic
and logic unit (ALU)
main memory:
stores the currently executing
program and immediately
needed data for the CPU
types of memory:
ROM:Read Only Memory
keeps its contents (instructions or data) in
the absence of power; stores the
programs needed to operate the computer
RAM:Random Access Memory
its contents change continuously; stores
the currently executing programs and
data; it does not retain its contents in the
absence of power
power supply unit:
converts general purpose
electric current (220 V) to
direct current (5-12 V) for
the other components
mass storage devices:
store programs and data even
when the power is off; store
for a long time; e.g. HDD, FDD,
CD- or DVD-drive, flash drive
hajlékonylemez egység (floppy):
FDD-nek is nevezik (Floppy Disk Drive)
lapos, kör alakú, mágneses adathordozót
olvas és ír, melyet egy kemény mőanyag tok
véd a szennyezıdésektıl
3,5 hüvelyk átmérıjő, 1,44 MB adatot képes
tárolni
általában az A: jelet kapja
merevlemez egység (winchester)
HDD-nek is nevezik (Hard Disk Drive)
ált. több fémlemezbıl álló mágneses tároló
gyorsabb, mint a hajlékonylemez-egység és
sokkal több információt tud tárolni (GB-os
nagyságrendek)
a gépházban található beépítve, de már
létezik hordozható formában is
általában a C: jelet kapja
CD-lemez
kismérető, mőanyag optikai lemez
lézersugárral érzékeli a mélyedésekben
található információt
lehet írható (R) vagy újraírható (RW)
kapacitása 650, 700, 800 vagy akár 900 MB
is lehet
általában a D:, E: vagy F: jelet kapja
expansion cards:
give extra services (whatever
that is not integrated in the
motherboard),
e.g. graphics cards,
network cards or other I/O devices
Outside (peripherals)
keyboard scanner
monitor modem/router
mouse virtual reality
speakers devices (helmet,
headset gloves)
microphone
webcam
joystick
printer
Grouping of peripherals
 Exercise
Input devices Output devices
1. keyboard 10. monitor
2. joystick 11. printer
3. CD-R, DVD-R 12. flash drive
4. CD-RW, DVD-RW 13. scanner
5. mouse 14. virtualreality devices
6. floppy (helmet, gloves)
7. speakers 15. webcam
8. microphone 16. hard disk
9. modem
Task
Search the internet for short definitions and
descriptions of different components of
computers.
One definition shouldn’t be more than three
sentences.
You can search in any languages but the
output should be in English.
Here is an example for you: